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Enamel allergy can lead to eye and neck irritation

Enamel allergy can lead to eye and neck irritation

The allergy caused by enamel is called contact dermatitis or contact eczema to the enamel. Enamels are composed of several substances:

  • Base film or film: Responsible for hardness and abrasion resistance. Example: nitrocellulose, vinyl polymers, methacrylate polymers
  • Resin: Provides gloss, durability and adhesion to the product. Example: formaldehyde, formaldehyde-sulfonamide, toluenesulfonamide-formaldehyde-resin
  • Plasticizer: Helps in the flexibility and durability of the product. Example: Dibutylphthalate
  • Solvents. When this type of allergy occurs, the ideal is to look for the allergist specialist, who will provide guidance for performing the allergy contact test
  • O Enamel film has already been considered the main enamel sensitizing substance, but today it is known not to be so active (the main component is nitrocellulose). The major sensitizers (which have the greatest power to cause allergy) are resins, and the main substance is TOLUENO-SULFONAMIDE-FORMALDEHYDE-RESIN (formaldehyde-releasing resin).

Other substances may be less frequently involved in allergic processes such as pigments, polyester resin, methyl acrylates and nitrocellulose. Nail hardeners are cosmetic preparations used to increase the resistance of nails that break, and which contains resin and solvent, and can cause allergy as well. Enamel removers contain acetone, alcohol, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate.

Enamel allergy does not cause damage to the nail or around it, but in places where the hand touches the thinner skin: eyelids, lips, face, ears, chin and neck . The reactions can be so intense that they can happen being next to people who painted the nails or entering beauty salons. The allergy arises at any time of life, even after a long time using enamel.

Symptoms are irritation in the eyes, skin and respiratory system (shortness of breath). There may be an important itching in the eyelids and in the acute phase of the process with redness, edema (swelling), itching, appearance of vesicles (water balls), which eliminate the liquid (exudation) and then desquamation and presence of secretion acute). The last phase of the chronicle is called lichenification, where there is a presence of cracks.

When this type of allergy occurs, the ideal is to look for the allergist specialist, who will do orientation to perform the allergic contact test, which has the purpose of trying to identify which substances are responsible for the allergy.

This test consists of placing substances to be tested on the back of the individual in special containers. The Brazilian standard contact test battery consists of 30 substances, but there are complementary batteries such as cosmetics, corticosteroids and professionals. Containers are applied and left for 48 hours. After this period, the test is removed and the first reading is performed. After 96 hours the second reading is performed. From there, depending on the appearance of erythema, papules or vesicles, the test is determined.

The treatment of contact dermatitis is to control the lesions of eczema with medications and to remove the causative agents of contact allergy .

3free: without toluene, formaldehyde and dibutyl phthalate

4free: without toluene, formaldehyde, dibutylphthalate and camphor

5free: without toluene , formaldehyde, dibutylphthalate, camphor and paraben

  • 7free: free of dibutyl phthalate, toluene, formaldehyde, formaldehyde resin, camphor, preservatives and petrolatum.
  • Some people more sensitive may present allergic reactions even to hypoallergenic enamels, because hypoallergenic does not mean free pass to 100% allergy. A careful reading of enamel labels is recommended. It is interesting to keep an eye on the composition of bases and enamel removers. Acrylic nails can also cause allergy.

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