Allergy to animals: see how to identify and what to do

Animal allergy is less common than you might think. House dust mites are the biggest villains among the population in general. The most commonly involved animals are dogs and cats, but allergies to hamsters, horses, cows, goats, rabbits, rats, guinea pigs and birds can occur.

Major symptoms of animal allergy

The most common manifestations of Allergic rhinitis: itching, sneezing, runny nose, and nasal clogging

• Asthma: coughing, wheezing, and wheezing.
• There may also be a reaction in the eyes with swelling, irritability, redness when picking up the animals on their lap or caressing them and then placing their hands on their own face.

There is also a possibility that the person with an allergy to animals may present a reaction in the arms with itching and urticaria because they pick up the animals in their lap .

What to do if you have an allergy to animals?

For children and adults alike, the ideal for the allergic (proven allergic) allergen test for inhalants or specific IgE in the blood) would avoid exposure to them, ie not having animals at home. If it is not possible, ideally they should be bathed at least once a week and should not sleep in their room at all.

In terms of medication, the best form of treatment for animal allergy is specific immunotherapy (sublingual or injectable) for a specific dog or cat allergen with a long duration of 3 to 5 years, and through which you can modify the course of the disease in a definitive way, with the possibility of creating your pet, guided by a In general, a child who is allergic to animals will have this problem throughout his life (if he does not do specific treatment), but sometimes the person with allergy lives with the same animal for so many years, if it is "tolerant" to that allergy, ie for that person the allergy symptoms no longer affect that animal specifically.

What causes animal allergy?

The cause of animal allergy is multifactorial and depends on the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In relation to genetic pre-disposition there is no way to change, but the environment may undergo changes related to the change in the course of the disease. Another issue is the so-called hygiene hypothesis that in children who are not sensitized ( who are not allergic) are exposed to allergens (eg animals), especially those living in rural or institutionalized areas (nurseries or preschools) may be less likely to have allergies.

This is because there is a deviation from development of the immune system to a non-TH2 standard (TH2 = allergic disease pattern), promoting a modified response that would attenuate future manifestations of allergy.

Animal allergy is thought to occur mainly because of hair but in reality this is not true, since hairs are not soluble in water and do not float. Salicylated saliva and urine proteins, as well as desquamated epithelium (dandruff), are the most important allergens because they contain water soluble antigens (they can be loaded onto clothes for schools, offices, cars, places where the animal has never been) .

High concentrations of cat allergens are observed in environments where animals have been removed many months earlier and in environments where this animal has never been. The sensitive patient may present symptoms even without the presence of the animal. Cats are the ones that produce the most dramatic symptoms.

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