en.aazsante.fr

The Largest Portal Of Health And Quality Of Life.

Triple bacterial vaccine

Triple bacterial vaccine

The triple bacterial vaccine (DTP) is mandatory and contains diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid and suspension inactivated Bordetella pertussis, having as an adjuvant hydroxide or aluminum phosphate, being presented in liquid form in ampoule or vial with single dose, or vial with multiple doses. There is the acellular version of the triple bacterial vaccine, DTPa (diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis vaccine) available only in the private network.

Variations

Three-fold bacterial vaccine: Prevents tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis

DTPa (diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis vaccine), dTpa (adult acellular bacterial triple triple), tetanus and diphtheria (dT).

Diseases that the vaccine prevents

Diphtheria, a disease caused by a toxicogenic bacillus, often lodged in the tonsils, pharynx, larynx, nose and occasionally in other mucous membranes and the skin. Transmission is by direct contact of a sick person or persons with a susceptible person, through droplets of respiratory secretion, eliminated by coughing, sneezing or speaking. In rare cases, contamination by shared objects can occur.

Tetanus is a non-contagious, transmissible disease that presents two forms of occurrence: accidental and neonatal. The first form usually affects people who come in contact with the tetanus bacillus when handling the ground or through injuries or injuries from contaminated materials, skin or mucosal injuries. Neonatal tetanus is caused by contamination during the umbilical cord section by the use of improperly sterilized or unsterilized sharp instruments or hemostasis by the use of contaminated substances in the umbilical stump, such as cobwebs, coffee grounds, smoke,

The disease decreased from 2226 cases in 1982 to less than 600 since 2002. Over the last four years it has been shown that more than 70% of the cases are in the age group below 60 years of age and about 20 to 30% in the range age 60 and over. Accidental tetanus deaths also follow the declining trend from 713 occurrences recorded in 1982 to less than 300 since 1998. In the same period there was a reduction in the number of cases of neonatal tetanus from 584 in 1982 to 15 in 2003. Considering that this disease has an average lethality of 70%, this reduction has a significant impact on neonatal infant mortality.

Pertussis is an acute infectious disease, respiratory transmission, universal distribution, immunopreventable and notifiable. It specifically compromises the respiratory tract (trachea and bronchi), and is characterized by a strong dry cough. Transmission occurs mainly through direct contact of a sick person with a susceptible person, by eliminating droplets of oropharyngeal secretion eliminated by coughing, talking, or sneezing. It is rare, but transmission can also occur from objects contaminated with the patient's secretions. The etiological agent of whooping cough is Bordetella pertussis, a bacterium that has man as its main reservoir.

The epidemiological scenario of pertussis in Brazil, since the 1990s, has shown an important reduction in the incidence of cases, as a result of the increase in coverage tetravalent and DPT vaccines. In that decade, the vaccine coverage reached was about 70% and the incidence was 10.6 / 100 thousand inhabitants. As coverage increased to close to 95 and 100% in the period from 1998 to 2000, it was observed that the incidence fell to 0.9 / 100 thousand inhabitants. With the maintenance of high vaccination coverage, in the last decade, there was a variation of 0.72 / 100 thousand inhabitants in 2004, to 0.32 / 100 thousand inhabitants in 2010.

Indications of the triple bacterial vaccine

The classic triple bacterial vaccine is indicated for boys and girls up to seven years of age.

Health professionals, military, police, firefighters, aviation professionals, professionals who travel a lot, waste collectors, waste and contaminated water, food and beverages, professionals who work with children or animals, manicures and podiatrists constitute a group for which the vaccine is particularly indicated.

Pregnant women can not take?

Pregnant women should not take this vaccine. In replacement, the diphtheria and tetanus (adult type) vaccine is indicated for them.

Required doses of the triple bacterial vaccine

The basic vaccination schedule is three doses at 60 day intervals between each. Reinforcement is done between six and twelve months after the third dose of the basic regimen, preferably at the fifteenth month of age. The second booster is required 18 months after the first booster.

The minimum interval between doses is 30 days. Increasing the interval between doses does not invalidate those previously made, and therefore does not require that the scheme be restarted. It is recommended to complete the three doses in the first year of life. In case of injury with a high risk of tetanus before the age of seven, and after more than five years of the fourth dose, a further dose of the triple bacterial vaccine should be given.

Administration of the triple bacterial vaccine

A triple bacterial vaccine has deep intramuscular application in the vastus lateralis muscle of the thigh. In children older than 2 years of age, it may be used in the deltoid region.

Contraindications

The application of the triple bacterial vaccine is contraindicated in children after the previous dose:

- Systemic anaphylactic reaction severe (hypotension, shock, respiratory distress);

- Encephalopathy within the first seven days after vaccination. Subsequent doses of the pertussis vaccine should not be given to children who develop encephalopathy within the first seven days after vaccination, even if the responsibility for the event can not be established. The basic vaccination schedule will be completed with diphtheria and tetanus vaccine.

Some post-vaccine events, as they do not determine sequelae, are not considered contraindications, but deserve special attention. They are divided into two categories:

- Events that indicate the subsequent vaccination with the classical (cellular) triple bacterial vaccine the use of antipyretics or prophylactic analgesics: persistent and uncontrollable crying, lasting three or more hours and occurring in the first 48 hours after DTP vaccination; temperature equal to or greater than 39.5 ° C, without any other identifiable cause, within the first 48 hours after DTP vaccination:

- Events indicating subsequent vaccination against pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus using the acellular bacterial triple vaccine (DTPa): seizures within the first 72 hours after DTP vaccination; Hypotonic hypotonic episode (hypotonia, cold sweating and decreased response to stimuli) within the first 48 hours after DTP vaccination.

Possible side effects

Local pain, redness, and induration; fever, general malaise and irritability within the first 24 to 48 hours. Less frequently, somnolence, prolonged and uncontrollable crying, seizures, and hypotonic-hyporesponsive syndrome may occur.

Where to Find the Triple Vaccine Bacterial

The vaccine is available in public and private networks. With whole cell in the public system and acellular in the private system. Some medical covenants cover this vaccine in the private healthcare system. Check with your carrier to see if your plan offers this coverage.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are there tests that can identify if we are immunized?

Live pathogen vaccines, which can cause the disease, can be identified through blood tests - but this is not medically relevant. This is because the only way to prove that a person is vaccinated is by not presenting the record on the card. The Ministry of Health only considers a valid vaccine the one in which the record has been properly accredited by an authorized corporation.

Can I update my vaccination card at any age?

Not only can it, as it should. Although it is best to follow the vaccination schedule and immunize at the recommended ages, it is important to take the vaccines that are delayed. However, this rule only applies to vaccines that continue to be recommended in adulthood, such as hepatitis B, tetanus, pertussis, and diphtheria. Even classical childhood diseases, such as mumps, measles and rubella, continue to have the vaccine recommendation for adults and need to be taken. However, vaccines you should have taken during childhood only, and that miss the recommendation for adults, because the risk of the disease no longer exists, do not need to be taken. One example is rotavirus, a disease that is very serious in childhood and must be vaccinated in the period, but which for adults does not cause impact beyond room, losing the need for vaccination.

If I do not remember having taken the vaccine, can I go to the clinic and repeat the dose?

Yes. The best measure to do in these cases is to check the vaccination card. But if you missed it for some reason, or thought you were vaccinated, but it is not on the record, the best thing to do is to get vaccinated, albeit repeatedly.

If I took the combination vaccine, do I need to take it individually?

Combined vaccines such as MMR (mumps, measles and rubella) and pentavalent (threefold plus haemophilus and hepatitis B) are a set of several vaccines in one , as the name itself says. When you take it, you are already properly immunized for all diseases listed in the vaccine, not needing to be vaccinated for a disease in isolation - an example would be to take the triple viral and then a tetanus-only vaccine. "However, you may be asked to take the vaccine again in isolation if there is a need to reinforce it for a time or exposure to one of the particular pathogens, such as a measles epidemic," says general practitioner Eduardo. vaccines before the given time?

No, the minimum ages must be respected. There is probably no risk of being vaccinated early, but there are no safety studies for that age group, and there is no indication of the vaccine. Age indications take into account the epidemiological recommendation, that is, the period of life in which you are most at risk of suffering from that disease or its complications. That is why some childhood vaccines no longer need to be given to adults because the risk period has passed. The logic is the same for vaccines given only in adults. "An example is the triple virus (diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis), that the child's immature immune system may not be enough to contain live viruses, and the child may become severely ill," says clinical practitioner Eduardo Finger. > Can I update the entire vaccination card at once?

If you are a healthy person, who does not have a weakened immune system, there is no impediment. The only problem is the discomfort of being vaccinated several times in a row. There are also those vaccines that are separated in doses, and ideally they are respected so that the immune system's response is long lasting.

People with allergy to any vaccine will not be able to take it anymore?Overall, it is very difficult for a person to be allergic to the vaccine itself, but to the other elements that are within it. Contraindications are available only to people who have already suffered an anaphylactic shock in the following cases: for measles, measles, rubella, and yellow fever vaccines for egg anaphylaxis, as these live viruses are cultured in the food before going to the vaccine; in cases of mercury anaphylaxis are contraindicated vaccines with this element, in general those administered by SUS; and whoever has had anaphylactic latex shock should know about the vaccines at their standard vaccination site, as some may contain remnants of the substance.

If I lose my card, will I have to vaccinate again?

Yes, because vaccine is only that vaccine that has been registered. If you take your vaccines at a private clinic, the location will likely record a history of your vaccines, so you do not have to take it again. However, the public network has not yet been able to computerize these data, so a person who is vaccinated in the public network and loses his or her card will need to take all recommended adult vaccines again.

Sources:

Ministry of Health

Brazilian Association of Immunizations

General practitioner Eduardo Finger (CRM: SP72161), coordinator of the research and development department of SalomãoZoppi Diagnósticos.


7 Celebrities suffering from lupus

7 Celebrities suffering from lupus

In Brazil, we do not have exact numbers, but estimates indicate that there are about 65,000 people with lupus, women. There is no definitive cure for lupus, however, treatment is essential to control symptoms and improve the quality of life of people with the disease. To raise awareness of the importance of early diagnosis, My Life has selected some celebrities who suffer from lupus and have inspired people who are also being treated.

(Health)

Good dental hygiene can help prevent heart infection

Good dental hygiene can help prevent heart infection

Neglecting your oral hygiene routine not only puts your smile at risk, but also increases the risk of developing an infection in the lining or valves of your heart. Generally, only patients with certain heart problems or an artificial joint are considered at high risk for the development of a heart infection called infective endocarditis (IE), and receive preventive antibiotics before a dental procedure (see ADA.

(Health)