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BCG Vaccine

BCG Vaccine

The vaccine is composed of the bacillus of Calmette & Guérin, obtained by the attenuation of Mycobacterium bovis , one of the bacteria that transmit the tuberculosis. It is considered mandatory and should be taken as soon as possible.

Diseases prevented by BCG

This vaccine prevents tuberculosis, an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis or Koch's Bacillus. It attacks most commonly the lungs, but can also cause infections in the bones, kidneys, and meninges (the membranes that surround the brain).

Transmission of tuberculosis is direct, from person to person, therefore agglomerations are the main streaming. The patient expels, small drops of saliva when speaking, sneezing or coughing. They contain the infectious agent and can be aspirated by another individual. Any factor that causes low organic resistance also favors the establishment of tuberculosis.

The disease causes dry cough, weight loss, weakness and poor appetite, and can lead to coughing up blood in more severe cases. Treatment is time-consuming, taking about 6 months.

Vaccine indications

The National Immunization Program of the Ministry of Health currently recommends universal vaccination of children against tuberculosis. It is important that it be given to the newborn soon. If this is not possible, it should be given after the first month of life. It can be taken by children with positive HIV serology who do not have symptoms, or children of asymptomatic seropositive women.

In areas of high prevalence, children aged 6 to 7 should also be vaccinated on occasion if they do not have a complete vaccination schedule against tuberculosis. Similarly, it may be applied concurrently with hepatitis B.

Required doses of BCG

The vaccine is made under the single dose regimen normally applied to the newborn. When this is not possible it can be applied at any age after the first month of life, and it is indicated to do so as early as possible.

Administration of the BCG vaccine

It is preferably applied to the right arm, where almost always there is a small scar. It is intradermal, ie applied between the dermis and epidermis layers of the skin.

Contraindications

This vaccine is contraindicated specifically to individuals with positive HIV serology who have symptoms. It is recommended to postpone BCG vaccination in newborns weighing less than 2,000 grams and in the presence of skin manifestations.

Any hypersensitivity to the components of a vaccine makes it contraindicated in addition to the anaphylactic reaction after taking one of the doses. When the vaccine is with attenuated bacteria or live virus, the following conditions become contraindications: congenital or acquired immunodeficiency, malignant neoplasm and treatment with corticosteroids at more than 2 mg per kilogram per day for children and 20 mg per kilogram per day for adults.

Possible side effects

The application of BCG almost always leaves a characteristic scar where the injection was given, usually on the right arm.

Where to find the BCG vaccine

The vaccine is available in the public system and also private and does not have a specific vaccination period. Some medical covenants cover this vaccine in the private healthcare system.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are there tests that can identify I am immunized?

Live pathogen vaccines, which can cause the disease, can be identified by means of tests of blood - but this has no medical relevance. This is because the only way to prove that a person is vaccinated is by not presenting the record on the card. In fact, the Ministry of Health only considers a valid vaccine the one in which the record has been properly accredited by an authorized corporation.Can I update my immunization card at any age?

Not only can it, as it should. Although the ideal is to follow the immunization schedule and get immunized at the recommended ages, it is important to take the vaccines that are delayed.

If I lose my card, will I have to vaccinate everything again?

Yes, because the valid vaccine is only that registered vaccine. If you take your vaccines at a private clinic, the location will likely record a history of your vaccines, so you do not have to take it again. However, the public network has not yet been able to computerize these data, so a person who is vaccinated in the public network and loses his / her card will need to take all recommended adult vaccines again.

Ministry of Health

Clinical General Eduardo Finger (CRM: SP 72.161), coordinator of the research and development department of SalomãoZoppi Diagnósticos


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