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Brazil develops first vaccination against schistosomiasis

Brazil develops first vaccination against schistosomiasis

Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC / Fiocruz), an institution linked to the Ministry of Health, developed the first vaccine in the world against schistosomiasis, known as the belly of water and caused by a parasite. After 20 years of work, the scientists were able to do the test on humans, which was a success.

New experiments are still missing, but the researchers are optimistic and believe that in three to four years, the vaccine will be already available to the population. In areas of higher incidence of the disease, it may also be part of the vaccination schedule. When taking the vaccine, the human body produces antibodies and when the person has contact with the worm, these antibodies come into action and make the molecule stop working, killing the parasite.

Schistosomiasis

According to data from the Ministry of health, the disease is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be neglected, but reaches about 200 million people worldwide, 2.5 million of them in Brazil alone. Transmitted in places of still or low flowing water, with the presence of infected snails, schistosomiasis is caused by parasites of the genus Schistosoma.

The infected individual presents with symptoms such as headache, nausea, itchiness, dermatitis , fever, in addition to dilatation of the abdomen (in severe cases not frequent). The treatment is made with antiparasitic medicines, but because it is a predominant disease in areas of low sanitary infrastructure, reinfection is one of the serious points.

Vaccines that adults need to take

While the vaccine against schistosomiasis is not produced, check for others that adults can not stop taking and protect:

Tetanus

The toxin from the bacteria that causes tetanus damages the muscles and leads to involuntary spasms. The respiratory muscles are one of the most affected by tetanus. Hurting the foot with a rusty nail that is on the floor is one of the most known forms of tetanus contagion.

Mumps

Known to leave the neck swollen, the mumps also have respiratory transmission. Even though it is more common in children, mumps has more severe cases in adults, which can cause meningitis, encephalitis, deafness, inflammation of the testicles or ovaries, and more rarely in the pancreas.

Measles

Caused by a virus, measles is characterized by red spots on the body. Transmission occurs through the respiratory system. According to data from the Ministry of Health, the mortality among healthy children is minimal, falling below 0.2% of cases.

Rubella

Rubella is characterized by enlarged neck and reddish spots in the skin, is more dangerous for pregnant women. The virus can lead to congenital rubella syndrome, which impairs baby formation in the first three months of pregnancy.

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is transmitted through the blood, and usually has no symptoms. Some patients heal naturally without even realizing they have the disease. In others, the disease can become chronic, leading to liver damage that can progress to cirrhosis.

Pneumonia

Pneumonia is the name given to inflammation in the lungs caused by infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi and allergic reactions). Among the main symptoms of this inflammation of the lungs are high fever, intense sweating, chills, shortness of breath, chest pain and coughing with catarrh. Adults with chronic diseases in organs such as the lung and heart-easier target for pneumococcus, should take this vaccine whenever there is a vaccination campaign.

HPV

The vaccine exists for both men and women and prevents the four main types of Human Papillomavirus - HPV. According to the Ministry of Health, 137,000 new cases of HPV are registered each year in Brazil. The virus, transmitted during intercourse, is responsible for 90% of cases of cervical cancer, as well as causing tumors of the vulva, penis, mouth, anus and skin.


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