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Bupropion: side effects and how smoking cessation works

Bupropion: side effects and how smoking cessation works

How Bupropion Works

Nicotine stimulates the release of dopamine into the wellness areas of the brain. When the nicotine effect ends, there is a reduction in dopamine and this causes the person to want to smoke again, resulting in addiction. Bupropion works by competing with nicotine for dopamine receptors, causing one more cigarette to be released for well-being to become less and less necessary.

How to use bupropion

Before starting treatment, the patient has than to be determined to stop smoking. From the decision the patient can start using bupropion and then be prepared to decrease the use of the tobacco between the first and third week. There are no side effects of consuming the drug while smoking, but it is important to remember that the goal of treatment is to stop smoking, so there is no point in taking the medicine and continuing smoking for a long time. > Usually its use is indicated for three months, but everything depends on the history and the experience of each patient. It does not create dependence and there is no need for gradual withdrawal.

It is sold in 150 mg tablets and 300 mg can be prescribed up to twice a day. The amount also varies according to several factors, such as body weight, cardiovascular conditions, drug sensitivity. The main advantage of this treatment is the reduction of the withdrawal syndrome, one of the main factors that leads to the withdrawal of the drug. treatment to stop smoking. Hence, it increases the chance of successful smoking cessation treatment.

However, it will actually be effective in people with chemical dependence and not psychological dependence, for example. In addition, it is necessary to be evaluated if the patient has any psychiatric disorder, since the use of the drug may destabilize the mental state of those who are vulnerable.

Buproprion may interact with several other drugs, especially vasoconstrictors and bronchodilators. In general, patients with heart disease and people with hypertension should take care of and report their conditions to their physicians.

Expected Results

Many studies show that stopping smoking with any medical treatment, either medication or nicotine replacement (such as nicotine patch or nicotine gum) increases the chances of quitting smoking by 20 to 30%.

Studies using only bupropion show that its use can double or even triple the cessation rate when compared to the use of placebo. One of them was published in the New England Journal of Medicine and was done with 600 smokers, one group using placebo and the other using the drug.Side effects

The medication may cause insomnia, dry mouth, headache and, in more severe cases, seizures, tachycardia, hypertension, urticaria and skin blemishes (rash).

Contraindications of bupropion

Bupropion is not indicated for people who present with hypertension, heart problems, seizures, epilepsy, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, alcoholism, severe central nervous system problems , pregnant and lactating women, people using MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors, and other psychoactive and diabetic medicines that use hypoglycemic agents and insulin.

Risks

Because it is a psychiatric drug, it is very important that your doctor the patient has some disorder of this type, since it is possible that the medication can destabilize the mental state of the vulnerable. In addition, taking the medication in very high doses can have seizures, so always follow the dose recommended by the doctor.

Allied treatments

Nicotine replacement therapy

In general, it is important to combine treatment with bupropion with nicotine replacement treatments (such as the nicotine pill and the nicotine nasal spray), to boost the results.

Varenicline

Although many studies compare the effects of varenicline with bupropion, saying that the first drug is more effective at stopping of smoking, some studies have shown the efficiency in combining the two drugs in the treatment. A study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry in June 2014 divided 222 smokers into two groups, one taking varenicline alone with one placebo and the other taking this remedy associated with bupropion. While the first group had a success rate of 25.9% in smoking cessation, the treatment group had a 39.8% rate.

Who can prescribe bupropion therapy

Ideally, the smoker should look for a a physician specialized in smoking cessation, as a pulmonologist, cardiologist or psychiatrist.

Sources

Psiquiatra Pérsio Ribeiro Gomes de Deus (CRM-SP 31,656), technical director of health at the Hospital FundaçÃμÃtrico de Água Funda and doctor accredited by the Hospital Albert Einstein Pulmonologist Luiz Carlos Côrrea da Silva (CRM-RS 4414), member of the Smoking Committee of the Brazilian Society of Pulmonology and Tisiology (SBPT) and the advisory council of the Smoking Control Alliance (ACTBr)

Psychologist Sabrina Presman, a smoking expert at the Brazilian Association of the Study of Alcohol and Other Drugs (ABEAD) Book "Smoking: Disease that has treatment" (ArtMed Publishing House), organized by pulmonologist Luiz Carlos Correa da Silva


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