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Diabetic foot may worsen rapidly and cause amputation

Diabetic foot may worsen rapidly and cause amputation

Once a person discovers that they have diabetes, some care needs to be taken. In addition to the eye fundus examination for retinal evaluation and urinalysis for protein dosing, foot care is also essential.

Diabetes is a disease that affects blood vessels, both large and small . Our nerves, which can be understood as small electrical wires that will transmit information of heat, pain, cold, or pressure to our brains, need to receive blood with oxygen to function well. In the case of diabetes, there is a decrease in the oxygen that reaches the nerves through small blood vessels, and also the formation of an inflammatory process, both leading to malfunctioning of the nerves.

Due to this malfunction, some patients will have loss of sensation, usually in the feet and hands, called boot or glove neuropathy. While others may have an increased sensitivity, determining pain or burning in certain regions of the body. In diabetes, various nerves of the body can be affected, as the nerve controls the emptying of the stomach, causing a picture called gastroparesis - that is, a decrease in the force of contraction of the stomach.

When diabetic neuropathy touches the feet , is called diabetic foot. It is estimated that about 15% of patients with diabetes will develop changes in the feet, with the most worrying being the formation of ulcers, as they may progress to amputation of the foot or leg.

But how does this happen? the loss of sensitivity, the diabetic will not feel small bruises on the feet, such as those caused by a tight shoe or the seam of a sock. There are extreme cases in which diabetic patients did not feel the formation of foot burns when they stepped on a hot floor near swimming pools. Bruises are the gateway to bacteria, and adding to the scarring that is part of diabetes, the result can often be amputation due to a local or generalized infection.

Statistical data are alarming: diabetes is the most frequent cause of non-traumatic lower limb amputations, ie, non-accidental amputations. It is also known that about 85% of amputations are initiated by the formation of ulcers, and worse still, approximately 14 to 20% of patients with ulcerations will undergo amputations.

Is there a solution?

We know that some diabetics have a tendency to develop foot problems. But some factors will imply a higher risk: elevated levels of glucose and glycated hemoglobin, signaling poor disease control, predispose to more complications. Lack of foot care also causes problems. It is important for the diabetic to pay close attention to cutting his toenails, keeping them warm and protected, and choosing comfortable shoes.

A good tip is to have a small mirror in the bathroom that can be used to see the soles of feet and between the toes, every day after the bath. If mycosis or small lesions appear, the doctor will need to be advised. When we treat any problem early in the feet, we avoid amputations and can change this sad scenario about diabetes and feet.


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