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From pharmacy or blood: Understand the differences between pregnancy tests

From pharmacy or blood: Understand the differences between pregnancy tests

Pregnancy tests are one surrounded by doubts for both those who want a child and those who are avoiding. The tests measure the amount of the same hormone: HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin), present in the urine and the blood of those who became pregnant. He is responsible for keeping the embryo attached to the woman's uterus by getting the nutrients needed for the pregnancy to be maintained. In spite of the same indicator, these tests are different in their mechanism and, consequently, in their assertiveness.

According to Gustavo Maciel, gynecologist and obstetrician of Fleury laboratory, one of the biggest differences is the way the tests detect the hormone. The urine test consists of a tape on which an antibody is placed that reacts when bound to hCG. In the presence of the substance, this binding forms a band of another color, visible shortly after peeing.

Meanwhile, a woman's blood test requires a laboratory test that uses a technique to measure and dose only part of this hormone molecule, the Beta HCG. From this part also comes the name of the exam. In most labs, the result can be checked on the same day.

Can you trust?

The gynecologist explains that the pharmacy pregnancy test is good because it is specific but may not detect a very early pregnancy. In general, the second risquinho appears only when the HCG is in a concentration higher than 25 units per liter, whereas the blood tests can detect up to 2 units per liter.

Therefore, it is possible to obtain a false negative with the urine test. The false positive is rarer, and can happen, for example, when the woman leaves the urine in contact with the tape longer than recommended.

The HCG begins to be produced at the moment when the zygote, which is the result of fertilization, sticks to the wall of the uterus. Their concentration doubles every two days until the fourth month. The blood test is not only qualitative, but it also quantifies the HCG and can respond at what stage the gestation is. However, knowing the dosage is not enough to accurately tell the number of weeks of pregnancy.

This is because the concentration of the hormone varies greatly between women and even within seven days. According to Gustavo, in a six-week gestation, for example, the test can detect 1,000 to 55,000 units per liter of the hormone. Between seven and eight weeks, the amount can vary between 76 thousand to 220 thousand. Therefore, anyone who has discovered that she is pregnant should schedule the appointment with the obstetrician who will make the most appropriate tests to calculate the weeks of gestation and estimate the baby's birth date.

Rare cases

"Originally beta-HCG is a tumor marker, "says the gynecologist. The test was used to detect some types of tumors and cancer, such as the ovary or testicle, which stimulate the production of this hormone. Thus, although rare, there are cases where it appears in the blood without gestation.

In the case of those who develop psychological pregnancy, HCG is not detected in the examination, even if it is a hormonal disorder. "It is caused by a central alteration. A person who has a very strong desire to become pregnant can trigger some of the same symptoms in his body as a pregnancy, such as interruption of menstruation, belly growth, and milk production in the breasts "Dr. Gustavo explains.

The gynecologist reinforces that in both tests, a positive result does not mean that you will be a mother. HCG is the hormone responsible for keeping the embryo attached to the uterus, but in the early months it is common for this union to be fragile. Therefore, it is important to remain calm, to follow up with the obstetrician and to wait for the pregnancy to proceed to assure with greater certainty the arrival of the baby.


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