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Anorexia is a risk factor for cardiovascular health, causing arrhythmias and other problems. Understanding the relationship between anorexia and cardiovascular problems

Anorexia is a risk factor for cardiovascular health, causing arrhythmias and other problems. Understanding the relationship between anorexia and cardiovascular problems

Anorexia nervosa affects more women than men, and generally spares the extremes of age (children and seniors). Despite this predisposition, when installed, the risk is equivalent to both sexes. A relevant fact is that at this age the risk of men and women having a heart attack is very different, since women should have a natural protection generated by the hormonal combination. Anorexia makes this protection disappear. Weight loss in itself is not the most worrying, but the speed of weight loss and malnutrition associated with stress hormones generated by prolonged fasting.

Now the cardiovascular risk in people with anorexia is because chronic malnutrition and lack of hydration can lead to various forms of cardiac changes. The heart becomes atrophied, probably because of the chronic hypovolemia (dehydration) that this patient undergoes throughout life. One example is that electrolyte loss favors the appearance of malignant arrhythmias.

Bradycardia (heart rate below 60 beats per minute) is also common, as well as dizziness from postural hypotension - which happens when the person gets up. The mitral valve may undergo deformation (prolapse), which may lead to mitral regurgitation in the future.

The erratic diet also increases cholesterol and cortisol (hormone present in stressful situations), and reduces thyroid hormones (T4 and T3 , responsible for accelerating metabolism).

The intensity of the risk is linked to the duration and intensity of the problem, as well as the speed of weight reduction. When these factors are combined, there are alarm and other criteria that require immediate treatment.

Unfortunately, treatment can also cause harm. One of these is known as feedback syndrome, where the intake of excess calories, electrolytes and other items that are foreign to the person can lead to arrhythmias and heart failure. To avoid the problem, feedback should be gradual and controlled with blood tests, electrocardiogram, and much attention to the patient's symptoms.

Hormone and dehydration levels seem to return to normal after treatment is effective. But we can not know in the long term whether there is any definite damage.


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