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Get to know the symptoms of angina and heart attack and prevent it.

Get to know the symptoms of angina and heart attack and prevent it.

Today I will talk about infarction and angina. The heart receives blood through the veins and pumps it back into the body and lungs through the arteries. But the heart muscle, the myocardium, can not take advantage of the blood it receives from the body for its nourishment. A small part of the oxygenated blood that the ventricle pumps into the body goes to the coronary arteries, which pass over the myocardium and feed it. So, myocardial nutrition depends on the blood flowing through the coronary arteries. If there is any narrowing in the coronary arteries, the flow of blood that feeds the myocardium decreases. The patient feels more about this deficiency of blood (and when we talk about blood, we talk about the oxygen that is carried in the blood) when he needs it: when he makes an effort or when his heart speeds up.

Coronary they clump together over a lifetime. Although many of the mechanisms are not known and the role of genetic inheritance is still undervalued, we know that diet, sedentary lifestyle, and some poorly controlled diseases such as hypertension and diabetes favor the formation and growth of these plaques.

usually poorly delimited, which worsens with effort and improves with rest, short duration, may be angina.

The artery with plaques can not dilate and allow passage of oxygen when the muscle needs more, leading to muscle pain and chest pain . As various interlocking nerve endings bring the feeling of heart pain to the brain, this heart pain can be felt from the jaw to the navel. It may mimic stomach pain, back pain - or no pain, only manifesting as shortness of breath (dyspnoea).

This chest pain, usually poorly delimited, that worsens with effort and improves with rest, short duration may be angina. Angina is chest pain from the suffering of the muscle that can not "breathe." The plaque may be stable, and the patient may present the pain always after performing the same level of effort.

Infarction

Angina may change its characteristics, progressively worsening each time with the same efforts - which means that each time less blood passes through the diseased coronary. Or the plaque may rupture suddenly, and all fat and dead cells fall into the circulation, generating local inflammatory activity, agglomeration of platelets and fibrin, and total occlusion and severe muscle (no blood) suffering. This is called an infarction, which presents angina-like pain but does not improve, usually associated with symptoms of cold sweating, acute heart failure and even death.

The physician's role is to seek to assess as soon as possible the risk of life and serious complications. The patient's role is to seek information as quickly as possible in case of symptoms, before severe and sometimes non-reversible complications set in. Risk stratification involves clinical history and physical examination, and possibly complementary exams. In case of a first episode of pain, a visit to the first aid is necessary. There, the imminent risk of life will be assessed, and if necessary, hospital admission will protect the patient from the increased risk.


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