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Laser surgery ends the dependence on glasses and contact lenses
Sleep on glasses, get in the shower with your lenses and see everything foggy or get in trouble because you do not know where you saved another and - worse! - can not see right to look for them. Situations like these are very close to the daily life of those who suffer from the most common vision problems: hyperopia (difficulty seeing closely), myopia (difficulty seeing from afar) and astigmatism (distortion of images). common, laser correction surgeries do away with the drawbacks. But before you decide, you need to understand the differences between the methods and make sure that one of them will really work in your case. "The chance of success is quite high, as long as the patient is evaluated by qualified professionals," says ophthalmologist Rubens Belfort Neto, a professor at Unifesp. He and other experts in the field have their doubts about this.
1. What are the main types of laser refractive surgery?
Woman in ophthalmologist - Photo Getty Images
There are two main methods of laser degree correction surgery: Lasik and PRK. There are other options for refractive surgery on the market, including using scalpels, but the laser has proved to be much more accurate and therefore safe.
2. What is the difference between Lasik and PRK surgery?
"The Lasik method opens a kind of cap on the eyeball, works directly on the cornea and then puts that cap back," says ophthalmologist Raul Damasio Ribeiro de Castro, surgeon at the Hospital de Olhos de Minas Gerais. "The PRK removes a thin layer of cells from the eye, called the epithelium, and does the procedure without cutting."
3. How many degrees of myopia, astigmatism and hyperopia can each correct?
According to ophthalmologist Renato Neves, founding member of the Brazilian Society of LASER Surgery and member of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the Lasik method is able to correct up to 12 degrees of myopia and six of hypermetropia and four of astigmatism. The PRK method corrects up to four degrees of the three problems.
4. What are the prerequisites for performing the surgery? "The patient must be over 18 years old, have stable correction, ie, no increase of more than half a degree in the last year or one degree in the last two years and not present Surgery is also not recommended for patients with autoimmune diseases and systemic diseases, such as diabetes, because the disease is not recommended for patients with autoimmune diseases and systemic diseases, such as diabetes. end result also depends on healing. The woman can not be pregnant or breastfeeding and the cornea must have a thickness that allows the removal of material without damaging it, which is discovered in the examinations requested by the ophthalmologist. Finally, the astigmatism of the patient must be healthy or benign, that is, the irregular shape of the cornea must be symmetrical.
5. What type of anesthesia is used in each method?
The preoperative methods are the same. "The patient receives an atopic anesthesia, made with droplets of eye drops," says the ophthalmologist Rubens.
6. How long does the surgery last for the two methods?
"The surgery time depends on the patient's degree, but it usually takes about 15 minutes and you can go home the same day," says Raul de Castro.
7. According to Raul, the surgery done by the PRK method is more uncomfortable at the beginning and has a longer visual recovery - the vision can be more difficult. become blurred until two weeks after surgery, with possibility of pain in the first three days. Even so, the first method is applied in two sessions, with one eye operated at a time. In the Lasik method, there is no pain and the patient can see normally within hours of the procedure. Clarity bothers the first two or three days of Lasik surgery and can irritate the eyes up to three weeks after surgery by the PRK method. In both cases, the problem can be solved with sunglasses.
The postoperative recommendations are the same: use antibiotic eye drops for about three weeks and avoid any activity that may cause some trauma in the operated area and not enter swimming pools. "The surgery also causes decreased tear production between three and six months after the procedure. Therefore, patients who experience ocular dryness in the days following the surgery should apply lubricant eye drops recommended by the doctor ?, completes
8. What complications are possible?
"Every surgery, however simple, offers some risk of infection." In the case of the refractive, the statement remains true, even though this risk is minimal, "warns Rubens. "If the preoperative is done by a qualified professional, the surgery allows 98% of the patients to achieve a vision good enough to obtain a driver's license without glasses one month after the procedure," he said. says Renato.
10. Is it possible to do the same surgery more than once?
According to Raul, the surgery can be done more than once, but the doctor and patient must assess whether the risks of a new intervention are worth it. "A new surgery is only indicated when the residual degree of the patient does not allow coexistence without the glasses. In other cases, it is not recommended because of wear on the cornea," he explains.
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