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Leg pain: Understand the vascular causes behind this problem

Leg pain: Understand the vascular causes behind this problem

Leg pain of vascular cause can have basically two reasons: poor arterial circulation or a problem in the return of venous blood. The arteries are responsible for transporting the blood out of the heart and distributing it through the body to the tip of the toes. The veins, in turn, collect this blood, which contains impurities and poor oxygenation, and bring it back to the heart and lung, renewing the amount of oxygen and nutrients.

When the problem is arterial

When there is a deficiency in arterial circulation, lack of oxygen-rich blood, and nutrients to irrigate tissues. The most common symptom in these cases is what we call intermittent claudication, which causes a cramp sensation in the legs - especially during physical exercise. This symptom is very common during walking, because when we walk, we need blood to irrigate our muscles. If this blood does not arrive properly, we feel a strong pain, and we need to stop to get better. It is only after a while that we are able to continue the journey for another period, and so on. The pain caused by this problem is worse when there is a need to make more effort, such as climbing a sloping street or during a run. In these cases, the pain appears quickly, and usually improves when we are standing, sitting or lying down.

In case of lack of circulation, it is recommended that the patient does not leave the legs in an elevated position, since the blood that arrives at the end of the legs with difficulty, even with the help of gravity, will come with even more difficulty if the leg is tilted up. These symptoms are usually worse on cold days due to vasoconstriction, which slows down circulation in the extremities of the body. Smoking, illicit drug use, and excessive stress are also risk factors for the problem.

If it is the fault of the veins

In the case of veins, the difficulty is to return the blood back to the heart. If the vein is compromised due to the presence of varicose veins, a history of venous thrombosis or obesity, long periods of standing or sitting, clothes that tighten the waist tightly, decompensated heart failure, severe lung disease and other diseases, blood return until the heart can become compromised.

In these cases, we feel a feeling of weight, tiredness, swollen legs, and sometimes even a tingling sensation or numbness due to swelling. These symptoms worsen with the intense heat and when we stand with the legs standing for long periods of time, and improve with the elevation of the legs and with the movement.

The venous pain will hardly make the person stop moving. Over time, this difficulty in returning venous blood can lead to chronic venous insufficiency and its consequences, such as chronic edema, pigmentation of the skin of the legs (which turns brown), small lesions that can lead to formation of ulcers, eczema (severe itching usually accompanied by a lesion on the skin near the ankle of the inside of the leg) and onset of more varicose veins, possibly triggering thrombosis.

Treatment options

Pain management blood pressure should always be supervised by a specialized physician, and basically includes:

  • Smoking cessation
  • Rigorous control of cholesterol and triglycerides
  • Walking or aerobic exercise regularly (at least 150 minutes per week)
  • Control of blood pressure, diabetes and associated diseases
  • If necessary, the use of medicines to improve blood circulation
  • If clinical treatment is not enough to improve the symptoms, surgery may be needed.

In venous pain, the recommendations are:

  • Quit Smoking
  • Rigorous control of cholesterol and triglycerides
  • Walking or aerobic exercise regularly (at least 150 minutes per week)
  • Blood pressure control, of diabetes and associated diseases
  • The use of medicinal elastic stockings
  • Seek to raise the lower limbs several times a day
  • Take care of weight and triggers

In case of varicose veins, surgery is usually the most appropriate procedure. If necessary, the patient may also take pain medication.


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