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Lymphocytes: Understand Low Lymphocytes

Lymphocytes: Understand Low Lymphocytes

Lymphocytes are divided into two categories, the B and T lymphocytes. The former attack the antigens, while the latter defend the organism when its own defense cells are infected. T lymphocytes encompass two types, CD4 and CD8. They have a specific examination because they are usually changed when the person is HIV, but not only in those cases.

How is the sample obtained for the test?

The test to check the amount of leukocytes in the blood is obtained through a common blood count (blood test).

Reference values ​​

Normally, differential counts of leukocytes count as a normal result when lymphocytes are between 20 and 40%. However, it is important to note that the normal amount of lymphocytes and other white blood cells varies according to the person's age and sex, too, some laboratories may use different ways of measuring, so that the values ​​may vary slightly. which means abnormal results

Lymphocytes increased

Exams with increased lymphocytes, ie above 40% of the white blood cell count, may mean that the patient has some chronic bacterial infection or viral infection (such as mononucleosis, mumps or measles ). In addition, it may indicate more serious problems such as:

Hepatitis

Multiple myeloma - a type of cancer in the bone marrow

Lymphoid leukemia

  • Lymphoma - a type of cancer that occurs in white blood cells and begins in lymph nodes.
  • However, the physician's assessment is required and the search for other symptoms is required to determine exactly what the patient with enlarged lymphocytes has.
  • Low lymphocytes
  • Low lymphocyte tests, ie below 20% of the white blood cell count may mean:

Bone marrow damage, which may be caused by chemotherapy or radiation treatments

Infections such as HIV, tuberculosis or hepatitis

Leukemia

  • Severe infections such as sepsis
  • Some autoimmune disease, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.
  • However, the physician's evaluation is needed and the search for other symptoms to determine exactly what the patient with low lymphocytes has.
  • When the examination is requested
  • The count of leukocytes or differential leukocyte counts are usually ordered as part of the blood count (simple blood test). He may be asked to check the patient's general health status to monitor disease recovery, among several other reasons.

Contraindications

There are no express contraindications for lymphocyte testing. However, the doctor can tell you whether you are fit to take the test or not.

Prerequisites for taking the exam

Most of the time it is not necessary to have any preparation to take this exam. However, prior to its completion it is important to inform the medicines you use regularly, as some drugs may alter the test result. As leukocytes are collected during the blood count, if the doctor is trying to evaluate other health conditions, a fasting period may be requested - which will be informed by the professional.How it is done

The leukocyte count test is done during the complete blood count, which is performed by a health professional in a hospital or laboratory as follows:

With the patient seated, a rubber band is tied around of your arm to stop the flow of blood. This causes the veins to become wider, helping the practitioner hit one of them.

The professional cleans the arm area to be penetrated by the needle.

The needle is inserted into the vein. This procedure can be done more than once until the health care provider hits the vein and is able to remove the blood.

Blood collected in the syringe and placed in a tube

  • The elastic is removed and a gauze is placed on the where the practitioner inserted the needle, to prevent any bleeding. He or she can put pressure on the site to staunch blood
  • A bandage is placed on the spot.
  • Examination time
  • The complete blood count, as well as the leukocyte count, takes a few minutes to be completed. accomplished. The result of the examination will be made available according to the laboratory standards.
  • Post-examination recommendations
  • There are no special recommendations after the examination. However, if the patient was fasting for the test together with others, it is indicated that the patient feeds after collection, before resuming their daily activities.

Periodicity of the examination

The periodicity of the examination of lymphocytes

Pregnant can do?

There are no contraindications for lymphocytes during pregnancy, remembering that the interpretation of the results can only be done by the doctor .

Possible Complications

Risks involved in performing a blood count, and therefore leukocyte count and lymphocyte counts, are rare. At most, there may be a hematoma at the site where blood was withdrawn. In some cases, the vein may become swollen after the blood sample is collected (phlebitis), which can be reversed by making warm compresses several times a day.

People who use anticoagulant medications or have coagulation problems may experience bleeding after collection. In such cases, it is important to inform the health care professional of the problem prior to collection.


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