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Breast cancer staging shows disease severity
Staging is known by these three letters mentioned above (TNM) and is worldwide standardized - every specialist anywhere in the world understands this classification for a particular tumor, in this case The "T" refers to the size of the tumor, the "N" to the degree of lymph node involvement, and "M" refers to the presence of systemic metastases (9) In very simplified form, for breast cancer the T can vary from 0 to 4, the N can vary from 0 to 3 and the M ranges from 0 to 1. The TNM is grouped from several forms to give rise to five large staging groups:
STAGING GROUPS
CORRESPONDENCE TNM
INTERPRETATION
0 | T0 N0 M0 | Breast carcinoma at the earliest stage (in situ ) |
I | T1 N0 M0 | Initial breast cancer |
II | T1 N1 M0 | Cancer in the intermediate stage |
II | T2 N0 M0 | Cancer r in the intermediate phase |
II | T2 N1 M0 | Cancer in the intermediate phase |
II | T3 N0 M0 | Cancer in the intermediate phase |
III | T1 N2 M0 | Advanced cancer |
III | T2 N2 M0 | Advanced cancer |
III | T3 N1 M0 | Advanced cancer |
III | T3 N2 M0 | Advanced cancer |
III | T4 N0 M0 | Advanced cancer |
III | T4 N1 M0 | Advanced cancer |
III | T4 N0 M0 | Advanced cancer |
III | Any T N3 M0 | Advanced cancer |
IV | Any T Any N M1 | Cancer that has spread throughout the body (metastatic cancer) |
How it works | Two things determine the variation of staging to diagnosis: | The time until cancer is discovered. Therefore, it is important to make the preventive exams indicated for the age, in order to try to discover as soon as possible |
The tumor aggressiveness, corresponding to the intrinsic capacity of the tumor to produce metastasis even if it is in small size. general a tumor begins at stage 0, passes to I, then to II, goes to III and finally passes to stage IV with systemic metastasis. However, some tumors of very aggressive biological aspect may have the ability to present very early metastasis, dribbling the logical order reported above. As an example, it would start at stage 0, go to stage I, and can go to stage III or soon to stage IV without going through the previous phases.
Staging x cancer cure
- As I said at the beginning, staging corresponds to the degree of global tumor involvement of the organism. The main utility of staging is to predict the chance of cure versus the patient's risk of death. According to this risk the systemic treatment is managed. In general, low-risk patients may not require chemotherapy and, on the other hand, high-risk patients will certainly require chemotherapy.
- If no treatment is done this tumor will continue to grow and may spread to other parts of the body . Soon, the staging is changing as the tumor grows and the degree of the body's impairment increases. To this process we call the natural evolution of the disease, that is, how the cancer would behave in conditions where no treatment was performed.
AIT is a serious risk factor for stroke as well as hypertension.
First, let's define for you, reader, what the acronyms AIT and AVC stand for. I will start with the most common acronym, that is, stroke, which means Cerebral Vascular Accident . From a practical point of view, this means that a person with a stroke had a neurological deficit (motor, sensory, cerebellar, visual, language, etc.
Sleep apnea device decreases risk of heart disease in women
Studies in men have shown that sleep apnea greatly increases the risk of events such as heart attacks and strokes. But there were doubts about these risks for women. A new study, carried out by Valme Hospital Hospital in Seville, Spain, followed more than 1,100 women for approximately five years and found interesting evidence on the subject.