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Stay alert to postpartum depression

Stay alert to postpartum depression

Pregnancy was desired, delivery went smoothly, baby's room is charming , the family is in a state of grace with the little one ... But the idealization of the new mother's happiness in the early days, however, can be broken due to confused feelings, which involve sadness, irritation, feeling of incapacity. We are talking about the postpartum depression that, according to a survey by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, affects one in four women in Brazil, more than 25% of Brazilian mothers.

The reasons for the problem are varied: from hormonal change to radical changes that the arrival of a child causes in personal, marital, family, professional and social life.

Most women become more sensitive after childbirth. The sharp drop in sex hormones after the baby's birth is one of the main reasons for the onset of postpartum depression. However, there are other important factors that contribute to the development of the disease, such as the family relationship (husband and children) and problems in administering the new routine.

In addition to the environmental conditions, the psychological characteristics of each woman also interfere in this process . A woman with pronounced pre-menstrual tension or previous depressive processes is more likely to face the problem after pregnancy.

Attention to Symptoms

Symptoms of postpartum depression range from mild to severe. They are numerous and can start with unreasonable crying, irritability, husband and family intolerance, insomnia, inappetence, aggression, and passivity.

A woman in postpartum depression rarely has a change in her ability to care for her baby. That is, she does not abandon her own luck. This difficulty only occurs in the most serious cases. In these circumstances, doctors may indicate the introduction of the medication until the situation is normalized.

The disease is also categorized as sadness also defined as baby blue or physiological depression, transient mood disorder, in which symptoms appear around the fifth day after delivery, and should disappear after two weeks. If this does not occur, pathological depression is characterized. On the other hand, puerperal psychosis is much more serious, since it presents a delusional, often hallucinatory picture that appears on the second day after delivery and may last up to three months after the baby is born.

Self-diagnosis is difficult, often , the woman thinks she is just tired and lacking in energy, besides, she may feel guilty for the sadness she is feeling. Therefore, if emotional instability is noted, it is best to talk to the gynecologist, who can more accurately evaluate and refer you to a specialist, who may be a psychologist or psychiatrist.

Women who have gone through post depression -parto in the first pregnancy are more likely to present it in the second pregnancy. Therefore, it is essential to talk openly with the obstetrician accompanying the pregnancy, reporting all personal history, seeking preventive treatment.

Addressing the problem

Lighter cases may regress spontaneously, but it is advisable to seek some form of treatment specialization, including psychotherapeutic support. In moderate to severe conditions, psychotherapy and antidepressant medication are essential.

Dialogues with other mothers are salutary measures to reduce anxiety and visualize solutions to deal with the changes produced by the baby's arrival. The duration of treatment varies from woman to woman, depending on the course of symptoms: it may be short (take a few weeks) or longer, extending for several months.

Role of the family

Family support is essential for the mother to face this moment of life. The new tasks required by motherhood are sometimes exhausting at first, leaving the woman stressed and confused about her feelings. So the role of the family is to reassure the new mother by ensuring that the phase of estrangement and stress is transient.

After the baby is born, the woman becomes more fragile due to the hormonal changes and the new family situation. Failure to rely on the partner, whether he works hard or is absent, may interfere at this point, as children are usually the fruits of a couple's project. If the expectation of the female is to have her partner present, she should talk to him about her needs. Family and friends support is welcome, but it does not replace the lack or expectation that she feels about her spouse.

Aléssio Calil Mathias is a gynecologist and obstetrician, director of the Genesis Clinic.


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