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Understand why some children are slow to start talking

Understand why some children are slow to start talking

We know that a child's overall development depends on both biological and environmental factors, which will determine his learning and, consequently, when the child rehearses the first words. Biological factors include physical conditions, health status and intellectual functions, which can be separated as follows:

  • Physical conditions: body formation of the individual
  • Health: perfect functioning of the organism
  • Intellectual functions: represented by the ability to perceive, memorize, discriminate and capture meaning.

Environmental factors include emotional conditions, verbal models and experiences. It can be classified as follows:

  • Emotional conditions: distant situations and affective security
  • Verbal models: language used in the environment
  • Experiences: experiential situations provided by the environment

Hearing is the initial process for acquisition of a language

Hearing is the initial process for acquiring a language - it is through it that the child has the first contact with the sounds that his parents produce, learning that they exist, taking feedback from their own selections. Then, if there is a flawed listening process, this fact can lead the individual to speak, read or write inappropriately. Hearing is then a sensory function that allows us to receive and react to sounds, or it is the sense through which sounds are perceived.

For the individual to receive and analyze sounds, he has in your body a set of structures called the auditory system. It includes the sensory organ, the auditory pathways of the nervous system and the cerebral structures, which participate in the reception, analysis and interpretation of the information received through hearing. All of these analyzes and interpretations are part of auditory processing, which refers to the series of processes that happen in time and that allow an individual to perform acoustic and metacognitive analysis of sounds (PEREIRA and CAVADAS, 1998). the central auditory system and the brain analyze the internal representations of these acoustic stimuli and a response is programmed by the individual. Thus, the central auditory processes are the mechanisms and processes of the auditory system responsible for the location and lateralization of sound, auditory discrimination, auditory pattern recognition, temporal aspects of hearing (resolution, masking, integration and temporal ordering), auditory In this way, "auditory processing is a set of specific abilities on which the individual depends to interpret what he or she hears." These skills are mediated by the centers auditory auditory and brain auditory systems "(ALVAREZ et al., 2000), and can be divided into: Attention: it is the ability to select stimuli, that is, to focus on a certain sound stimulus in the middle of other competitive auditory and visual sounds, being essential for the selection of certain stimuli to the detriment of and other

Detection: it is the identification of the presence of the sound, demonstrating the capacity of auditory acuity

Sound sensation: it is the reception of the sound stimulus through hearing, from which it is perceived if a sound is loud or low

  • Discrimination: it is related to the ability to distinguish the characteristics that differentiate the speech sounds
  • Auditory memory: refers to the ability to associate the sound stimulus with other information already stored according to the rules of the language, reflecting the ability to receive, analyze and
  • Figure / background: ability to correctly identify a previously known sound event, being a fully learned process
  • Analysis / synthesis: allows the integration of auditory information with information from other sensory inputs and the use of information quickly and efficiently.
  • All these factors should be analyzed to understand why a child is slow to start speaking, or has problems with speech. Observing these points can help parents diagnose possible problems early by seeking appropriate treatment.

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