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Vaginal discharge can indicate infectious diseases and even STIs

Vaginal discharge can indicate infectious diseases and even STIs

Vaginal discharge is the name given to the fluid or mucus that comes out of the vagina. It is a common concern among women of all ages, leading many of them to gynecological consultations. A certain amount of vaginal discharge is normal unless it occurs with itching, burning, or other unpleasant symptoms such as foul smelling.

This column will look at normal and abnormal signs of vaginal discharge, including the most common causes of abnormal discharge .

Before discussing vaginal discharge, it is important to have a basic understanding of the female reproductive anatomy. Vaginal discharge is usually not noticeable until it leaves the vagina, which is the passageway of the uterus to the outside of the body. At the bottom of the vagina is the cervix, while at the lower end (outward) is the vulva, which includes the vagina and the clitoris.

A physical examination is the most accurate way to determine the cause of abnormal vaginal discharge

The vaginal secretion is composed of skin cells of the vagina and cervix, under the influence of the female hormone estrogen. Women who go through menopause and girls before first menstruation usually have minimal vaginal discharge as a result of lower estrogen levels.

In premenopausal women, it is normal to have some secretion, a thick mucus and odorless, daily. However, the amount and consistency of the discharge vary from one to another, as well as the amount, which can also vary at different times during the menstrual cycle. It may become more noticeable at certain times, such as in pregnancy, with the use of birth control pills / stickers / vaginal ring, near ovulation, and also in the week before the menstrual period.

Normally, vaginal secretion contains cells epithelial, bacterial, mucus and fluid produced by the vagina and cervix. A normal discharge often has a slight odor and may cause mild irritation of the vulva. This discharge helps protect the genital and urinary tract from infections and provides lubrication of the vaginal tissues for sexual intercourse.

When to seek medical help

Having vaginal discharge is common and normal. However, due to the following symptoms, vaginal discharge is not normal and should be evaluated by the gynecologist:

- Itching of the vulva and entrance of the vagina

- Redness, burning, pain or swelling of the vulvar skin

- Yellow-greenish coloration, gray or cream of milk

- Bad smell

- Presence of blood outside the menstrual period

- Pain during intercourse or urination

- Abdominal or pelvic pain

The most common causes of vaginal discharge include:

- Vaginal infection (caused by fungus or bacterial infection)

- Reaction of the body to a foreign body (such as a forgotten buffer or preservative) or substance (such as spermicide)

- Changes that occur after menopause can cause vaginal dryness, especially during sex, as well as an aqueous discharge or other symptoms.

Clinical examination

It is not possible to know if vaginal discharge is normal or not without a gynecological examination. A physical examination is the most accurate way to determine the cause of abnormal vaginal discharge. Do not start treatment at home before being examined by your gynecologist, as self-care may make it difficult to make an accurate diagnosis.

Prior to the exam, your doctor may ask questions such as:

- You have back pain, or abdomen or pelvis?

- Did you have a new sexual partner?

- When did you last have your period?

- Have you taken any medications?

- Have you recently been using intimate showers or some other product in the intimate region?

During the examination, the doctor will examine the whole genital area and will perform an internal examination in patients who are no longer virgins with a device called a vaginal speculum ("duckbill").

Treatment

In some cases, it is possible to make a diagnosis and start treatment immediately, based on the examination. In other cases, it may be necessary to perform some tests before treatment, which may be through tablets, creams or vaginal ovules. The duration of treatment depends on the type of discharge and severity.

Sexual partners of women with a sexually transmitted infection, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea or trichomoniasis, should receive concomitant treatment. For other infections, such as fungi (candidiasis) or bacterial vaginosis, the sexual partner does not necessarily need treatment. If it is necessary, you should avoid having sex until it is completed.

Many women prefer not to visit the doctor. However, self-treatment can delay the correct diagnosis, be costly, or even cause worse symptoms. In most cases, a physical examination should be performed before any treatment. In particular, you should not perform vaginal showers to get rid of this secretion because it may make the picture worse.

Women who develop bacterial or fungal infections can often be advised by a gynecologist to use a preventative treatment.

Abnormal vaginal discharge may be more prone to develop in women who have certain habits, such as:

- Dilutions

- Intimate daily absorbents

- Intimate deodorants, moist wipes

- Baths bath products and other very fragrant and colorful bath products

- Synthetic and tight clothes

Healthy practices include:

- Hygiene with warm water and soap for washing genitalia, using only hands, without bushings.

- Use of cotton panties, avoiding lycra

- Avoid the use of wipes or perfumed and colored toilet paper.


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