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What is the relationship between processed meat, red meat and colon cancer?

What is the relationship between processed meat, red meat and colon cancer?

Colon cancer has long been associated with the same risk factors for metabolic syndrome, ie, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, a high-fat diet, and a low-fiber diet. etc. However, recently the World Health Organization (WHO) has classified processed meats as Group 1 carcinogens - the same group as the cigarette for lung cancer.

It is important to know that WHO considers processed products the products they suffer

Processed meat

According to a recent study, which has evaluated more than 800 studies conducted in the last 20 years, every 50g of daily consumption of these products (the equivalent of one sausage and two slices of bacon) would lead to an 18% increase in the risk of developing colon cancer over a lifetime.

Although there is still much controversy about this causality, the most acceptable explanation is that the process of preparation of these products incorporates various hydrocarbons and nitrogen compounds, which as they travel through the colon, damage their epithelial cells is causing malignant transformation after many years of exposure.

Red meat

Red meat is considered by the WHO as Group 2 agents, ie probably related to cancer. In this case, consumption of 100g of the product would increase the risk of cancer by 17% over a lifetime. However, this causal relationship is not as well established as that of processed meat and it should be remembered here that red meat is important in the composition of a healthy diet.

How did you come to this conclusion? colorectal cancer (carcinogenesis) is already well described: from chronic damage to mucosal cells, these cells multiply in order to regenerate the damage and accumulate initial mutations that result in the development of polyps. These cells accumulate new mutations throughout a process that lasts about five to ten years, culminating in the appearance of an invasive lesion, the cancer, with potential for dissemination to the ganglia and distant organs (metastasis).

Like the act of ingesting little, or eliminating the consumption of processed meats would cause a lower incidence of precancerous lesions, this act constitutes a primary prevention strategy, similar to avoiding smoking. For red meat this inference is more difficult because of the weakness of the data that indicate that it is a carcinogen, as well as the important role of this food in a balanced diet.

Colorectal cancer in Brazil

Data from the National Cancer Institute INCA) indicate that there were more than 15 thousand deaths due to colorectal cancer in 2013, and an estimated 34 thousand new cases of the disease are diagnosed in 2016.


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